Duodenoscope-associated infections in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
Duodenoscopes are the endoscopes in which it is most difficult to achieve adequate disinfection to prevent the formation of biofilms, given the configuration of their distal end.
Contaminated duodenoscopes have been linked to outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.